Change is measured by taking DNA samples from organisms from the past and today. Genetic mutation is needed to survive. Lets say a bird kept on eating a specific insect. The insect was about to extinct, but then mother nature thought why don't I give this insect a shape of a leaf. The bird couldn't catch the insect easily, because the insect lived in a forest. You know forest have a lot of leafs. So, the bird couldn't tell which one was the insect. The insect lived happily ever after.
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